25,784 research outputs found
Behavioral Equivalences
Beahvioral equivalences serve to establish in which cases two reactive (possible concurrent) systems offer similar interaction capabilities relatively to other systems representing their operating environment. Behavioral equivalences have been mainly developed in the context
of process algebras, mathematically rigorous languages that have been used for describing and verifying properties of concurrent communicating systems. By relying on the so called structural operational semantics (SOS), labelled transition systems, are associated to each term of a process
algebra. Behavioral equivalences are used to abstract from unwanted details and identify those labelled transition systems that react “similarly” to external experiments. Due to the large number of properties which may be relevant in the analysis of concurrent systems, many different theories
of equivalences have been proposed in the literature. The main contenders consider those systems equivalent that (i) perform the same sequences of actions, or (ii) perform the same sequences of actions and after each sequence are ready to accept the same sets of actions, or (iii) perform the
same sequences of actions and after each sequence exhibit, recursively, the same behavior. This approach leads to many different equivalences that preserve significantly different properties of systems
Statistics of finite scale local Lyapunov exponents in fully developed homogeneous isotropic turbulence
The present work analyzes the statistics of finite scale local Lyapunov
exponents of pairs of fluid particles trajectories in fully developed
incompressible homogeneous isotropic turbulence. According to the hypothesis of
fully developed chaos, this statistics is here analyzed assuming that the
entropy associated to the fluid kinematic state is maximum. The distribution of
the local Lyapunov exponents results to be an unsymmetrical uniform function in
a proper interval of variation. From this PDF, we determine the relationship
between average and maximum Lyapunov exponents, and the longitudinal velocity
correlation function. This link, which in turn leads to the closure of von
K\`arm\`an-Howarth and Corrsin equations, agrees with results of previous
works, supporting the proposed PDF calculation, at least for the purposes of
the energy cascade main effect estimation. Furthermore, through the property
that the Lyapunov vectors tend to align the direction of the maximum growth
rate of trajectories distance, we obtain the link between maximum and average
Lyapunov exponents in line with the previous results. To validate the proposed
theoretical results, we present different numerical simulations whose results
justify the hypotheses of the present analysis.Comment: Research article. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:1706.0097
Refinement of a previous hypothesis of the Lyapunov analysis of isotropic turbulence
The purpose of this brief comunication is to improve a hypothesis of the
previous work of the author (de Divitiis, Theor Comput Fluid Dyn,
doi:10.1007/s00162-010-0211-9) dealing with the finite--scale Lyapunov analysis
of isotropic turbulence. There, the analytical expression of the structure
function of the longitudinal velocity difference is derived
through a statistical analysis of the Fourier transformed Navier-Stokes
equations, and by means of considerations regarding the scales of the velocity
fluctuations, which arise from the Kolmogorov theory. Due to these latter
considerations, this Lyapunov analysis seems to need some of the results of the
Kolmogorov theory.
This work proposes a more rigorous demonstration which leads to the same
structure function, without using the Kolmogorov scale. This proof assumes that
pair and triple longitudinal correlations are sufficient to determine the
statistics of , and adopts a reasonable canonical decomposition of
the velocity difference in terms of proper stochastic variables which are
adequate to describe the mechanism of kinetic energy cascade.Comment: 6 page
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